(see Deut 1:31; 14:1; 32:5–6, 18–20) and other OT writings (see Exod 4:22–23; Hos 11:1). Israel’s experience in the wilderness is expressed in terms of a test from God: “And you shall remember all the way which the Lord your God has led you these forty years in the wilderness, that he might humble you, testing you to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep his commandments, or not” (Deut 8:2). Besides the testing motif this verse contains several other themes developed in Matt 4:1–11:
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